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Indonesia
Climate
The warm waters that surround Indonesia provide a hot and tropical climate year round. Average temperatures rise at 28 °C along the coastal plains, 26 °C in the inland and 23 °C in the mountains. Because of its position on the equator, temperatures in Indonesia slightly vary throughout the year, as well as the length of days: the difference between the shortest day and the longest does not exceed 48 min, allowing arable land to be cultivated all year.
The major factor in the Indonesian climate is neither the temperature nor the pressure of the air, but the amount of precipitation. The extreme variations in precipitation are related to the monsoon. Generally, there is a dry season (June to September), influenced by the Australian continental air masses, and a rainy season (December-March). In January and February, a high pressure system spreading over the Asian continent reverses the trend. The result is multiplied by the monsoon, breezes of the Indian Ocean, eventually producing significant amounts of rain in many parts of the archipelago.
The west of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo's inland, Sulawesi and Irian Jaya are the most humid regions of Indonesia, with a rainfall amount of over 2,000 millimetres per year. In part, this humidity comes from the high mountains that trap damp air. The city of Bogor, near Jakarta, claims to put up with the highest number of storms and rain a year in the world, 322 days. On the other hand, the closest islands to Australia – including the province of Nusa Tenggara and the eastern end of Java - tend to be dry, with some areas experiencing less than 1,000 millimetres per year. The humidity rate varies from 70-90% from a "season" to another. Cyclones and storms pose fewer problems for mariners and fishermen than violent ocean currents, particularly in the Straits of Lombok and Sape.
