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Climate
The Tropic of Cancer divides the country into two zones, one temperate and the other tropical. As usual, climate varies with altitude. The tierras calientes (warm lands), which include the coastal plains, have an altitude that can reach 900 meters and an average temperature ranging between 24 °C and 28 °C. Between 1000 and 2000 meters, the average temperature drops to between 16 °C and 20 °C. Towns and cities at this altitude benefit from a relatively stable climate and pleasant temperatures all year long. North of the 24th parallel, it can get cold in the winter months.
Mexico has very distinct dry and rainy seasons. In most of the country, the rainy season lasts from June to mid-October. There is much less rain during the rest of the year. February is the driest month, while July is the wettest. The coastal regions, particularly those bordering the Gulf of Mexico, get most of their rain in September. The arid and semi-arid areas, such as Baja California, get an average of 300 to 600 millimeters of rain per year. It rains a little more in the Southern plateaus and the more populated areas (including Mexico City and Guadalajara), with an average precipitation of 600-1000 millimeters per year. The lowlands along the Gulf of Mexico receive more than 1000 mm of rain per year. It sometimes snows in some of the northern plateaus and on the peaks of the Sierra Madres.
Sitting in the hurricane belt, all the coastal regions are vulnerable to these storms between June and November. Hurricanes are less frequent and usually less violent on the Pacific coast than they are on the country’s east coast.
